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OpenEdge Database Essentials

Introduction to Databases

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Table of Contents
  • Introduction to Databases
    • Advantages of a database
    • Elements of a relational database
      • Tables
      • Rows
      • Columns
      • Keys
      • Indexes
    • Apply the principles of the relational model
    • OpenEdge database and the relational model
      • Database schema and metaschema
      • Sports 2020 database
    • Key points to remember
  • Database Design
    • Design basics
    • Data analysis
    • Logical database design
    • Table relationships
      • One-to-one relationship
      • One-to-many relationship
      • Many-to-many relationship
    • Normalization
      • First normal form
      • Second normal form
      • Third normal form
      • Denormalization
    • Define indexes
      • Indexing basics
        • How indexes work
        • Reasons for defining an index
        • Sample indexes
        • Disadvantages of defining an index
      • Choose which tables and columns to index
      • Indexes and ROWIDs
      • Calculate index size
      • Eliminate redundant indexes
      • Deactivate indexes
    • Physical database design
  • OpenEdge RDBMS
    • OpenEdge database file structure
      • Other database-related files
    • OpenEdge architecture
      • Storage areas
        • Control area
        • Schema area
        • Primary recovery area
        • Application data area
        • After-image area
        • Encryption Policy area
        • Audit data and index areas (optional)
        • Transaction log area
      • Guidelines for choosing storage area locations
      • Extents
      • Clusters
      • Blocks
        • Data blocks
        • Index blocks
      • Other block types
        • Master blocks
        • Storage object blocks
        • Free blocks
        • Empty blocks
    • Storage design overview
      • Map objects to areas
    • Determine configuration options
      • System platform
      • Connection modes
        • Single-user mode
        • Multi-user mode
        • Batch mode
        • Interactive mode
      • Client type
        • Self-service clients
        • Network clients
      • Database location
      • Database connections
    • Relative- and absolute-path databases
  • Administrative Planning
    • Data layout
      • Calculate database storage requirements
        • Formulas for calculating field storage
        • Sample to estimate storage requirements
        • Database-related size criteria
      • Size your database areas
        • Block sizes
        • Specify records per block
        • Example of calculating records per block
        • Unused slots
        • Determine space to allocate per area
        • Distribute tables across storage areas
        • Use extents
        • Index storage
        • Primary recovery area
    • Database areas
      • Data area optimization
        • Split off schema
        • Choose an appropriate block size
        • Keep extents sized to eliminate I/O indirection
        • Keep areas small for offline utilities
        • Always have an overflow extent for each area
        • Enable large files
        • Partition data
      • Primary recovery (before-image) information
        • Extent size rules
        • Sequential access
        • BI grow option
      • After-image information
        • Always use multi-volume extents
        • Isolate for disaster recovery
        • Sizing after-image extents
    • System resources
    • Disk capacity
      • Disk storage
        • Understand data storage
        • Determine data storage requirements
        • Determine current storage using operating system commands
      • Project future storage requirements
        • Examine your growth pattern
        • Move archival data off the production machine
      • Compare expensive and inexpensive disks
      • Understand cache usage
      • Increase disk reliability with RAID
      • OpenEdge in a network storage environment
      • Disk summary
    • Memory usage
      • Estimate memory requirements
        • Operating system memory estimates
        • Understand memory internals
        • OpenEdge-specific memory estimates
        • Example memory budget
      • Optimize memory usage
        • Buffer hits
        • Increase memory
        • Decrease memory
        • Direct IO
        • Private buffers (-Bp)
        • Alternate Buffer Pool
    • CPU activity
      • Tune your system
        • CPU usage and the -spin parameter
      • Understand idle time
      • Fast CPUs versus many CPUs
    • Tunable operating system resources
  • Database Administration
    • Database administrator role
      • Security administrator role
    • Ensure system availability
      • Database capacity
      • Application load
      • System memory
      • Additional factors to consider in monitoring performance
      • Test to avoid problems
    • Safeguard your data
      • Why backups are done
      • Create a complete backup and recovery strategy
        • Who does the backup?
        • What does the backup contain?
        • Where does the backup go?
        • How to label a backup
        • When do you do a backup?
      • Use PROBKUP versus operating system utilities
        • Understand the OpenEdge PROBKUP utility
        • How PROBKUP works
        • Add operating system utilities to augment PROBKUP
      • After-imaging implementation and maintenance
        • OpenEdge Replication
      • Test your recovery strategy
    • Maintain your system
    • Daily monitoring tasks
      • Monitor the database log file
        • Key Events
      • Monitor area fill
      • Monitor buffer hit rate
      • Monitor buffers flushed at checkpoint
      • Monitor system resources (disks, memory, and CPU)
    • Periodic monitoring tasks
      • Database analysis
      • Rebuild indexes
      • Compact indexes
      • Fix indexes
      • Move tables
      • Move indexes
      • Truncate and grow BI files
      • Dump and load
        • Data Dictionary dump and load
        • Bulk loader
        • Binary dump and load
    • Periodic event administration
      • Annual backups
      • Archiving
      • Modify applications
        • Make schema changes
        • Make application code changes
      • Migrate OpenEdge releases
    • Profile your system performance
      • Establish a performance baseline
        • Collect your baseline statistics
        • Understand your results
      • Performance tuning methodology
    • Summary
Table of Contents

Introduction to Databases

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  • Last Updated: February 11, 2026
  • 1 minute read
    • OpenEdge
    • Version 13.0
    • Documentation

Before you can administer an OpenEdge® database, it is important to understand the basic concepts of relational databases. This topic introduces those concepts.

Contents
  • Advantages of a database
  • Elements of a relational database
  • Apply the principles of the relational model
  • OpenEdge database and the relational model
  • Key points to remember
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