The list of default formats for different data types introduced you to some of the format characters supported by ABL. The following table provides a quick summary of the format symbols you are most likely to use.

Table 1. Common format symbols
This format character . . . Represents . . .
X Any single character.
N A digit or a letter. A blank is not allowed.
A A letter. A blank is not allowed.
! A letter that is converted to uppercase during input. A blank is not allowed.
9 A digit. A blank is not allowed.
(n) A number that indicates how many times to repeat the previous format character.
> A leading digit in a numeric value, to be suppressed if the number does not have that many digits.
< Used in conjunction with > to implement floating-decimal format. The < character (up to 10) must appear to the right of the decimal and be balanced by an equal or greater number of > characters left of the decimal. A digit is displayed in a position formatted with < when the corresponding > is a leading zero (and the stored value has the required precision).
Z A leading digit in a numeric value, to be replaced by a blank if the number does not have that many digits.
* A leading digit in a numeric value, to be displayed as an asterisk if the number does not have that many digits.
, A comma in a numeric value greater than 1,000. This is replaced by a period in European format. It is suppressed if it is preceded by a Z, *, or >, and the number does not have enough digits to require the comma.
. A decimal point in a numeric value. This is replaced by a comma in European format.
+ A sign for a positive or negative number. It is displayed as + for a positive number, and as – for a negative number.
– A sign for a negative number. It is displayed as – for a negative number. For a positive number it is suppressed if it is to the left of the decimal point in the format, and replaced by a blank if it is to the right.

You can insert other characters as you wish into formats, and they are displayed as literal values. For example, the INTEGER value 1234 with the FORMAT

gt;,>>>ABC is displayed as $1,234ABC.